System of air distribution.



E. A. BRINER.

' SYSTEM OF AIR DISTRIBUTION. APPLICATION mm was. ms.

1,298,655. Patnted A 1,1919.

2 SHEET EET I.

Svweufoz 35, hi) 6:22.4 j

E. A. BRINER.

SYSTEM OF AIR DI STRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-B. 191s.

1,298,655. Patented Apr. 1, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

4 6M MW 7 UNITED sTArrEs PATENT ouiuoa.

EMII: A. BRINER, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

SYSTEM OF AIR DISTRIBUTION.

To all whom it may concern:

c Be it known that I, EMIL A. Barman, a citizen of the United States, residing in East Orange, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in S stems of Air D1s tribution, of which the ollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to the conveyance and distribution of air or other gases under pressure and among its objects are to improve the distribution and regulation of the air at discharge outlets; to secure a substantially uniform distribution of air throughout an outlet area of considerable length; to direct the outflowing air in such a way that the emerging currents shall be directed in proper lines; to produce a slight resistance at the outlet in such a manner as to make the discharge uniform without seriously impeding the velocity; and to increase the efficiency of air ducts or pipes, so as to avoid losses resulting from bends and to obtain a greater flow of air with the expenditure of less power.

The nature and more specific objects of theinvention will appear from the following detailed description of certain preferred embodiments thereof.

In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification Figure 1 is a fragmentary plan view partly in horizontal section of parts of an air system. embodying my invention and showing the same applied to a paper drying machine.

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of parts of the structure shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view on line III.III of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view showing an air distributing duct.

Fig. 5 is an elevation of a duct shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic sectional view partly in side elevation and partly in section of the duct shown in Fig. 5 and illustrating the current of air impinging upon the paper on one of the drying rolls.

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic sectional view portion of the of the same.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view of a distributing duct illustrating a modified construction.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 1, 1919.

Application filed August 8, 1916. Serial No. 113,841.

Figs. 9and 10 are side elevations of different forms of deflector strips.

Fig. 11 is a view of a construction applicable to the distribution of air from long ducts.

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a modified constructlon showing deflector strips applied interiorly of the duct.

Fig. 13 is a cross section of a portion of a rectangular duct showing a deflector strip applied thereto.

For purposes of illustration, I have shown my invention in connection with a system of supplying hot, dry air to paper drying machines as it has particular advantages when utilized in this connection, but it is to be understood that my invention is not limited to this use.

Referring to the drawings in detail, the numeral 1 designates a series of drying rolls over which passes the web of paper 2. These rolls are arranged to be driven in any suitable manner as by the gearing 3, the side of the machine upon which the gears are mounted being known as the back of the machine, while the other side is the front and is where the machine tenders stand. A current of air dried and heated in any suitable manner is forced through a main duct 4 by a fan (not shown) or otherwise, and is delivered to headers 5, which extend along the back of the machine and from which lead branches 6. From the branches lead cross-arms or distributing pipes 7, which are suitably disposed in proximity to the paper on the drying rolls. Heretofore these distributing pipes have been provided with perforations or long slots through which the air has issued, but owing to the velocity an almost intolerable condition of heat to which the operators have been subjected.

I have overcome these difficulties by providing an improved means of distribution by which the air currents are caused to issue with a great degree of uniformity through- I charged with the vapor from the web at the back of the machine instead of at the front. In this way, most efficient drying is secured and at the same time the operators are protected from the blasts of hot air and vapor.

I accomplish these results by the use of deflectors so'shaped and-arranged as to divert the forward velocity of the air and convert it into a velocity .at right angles or slightly reversed from the direction in which the air enters the distributing pipes. Imake these deflectors in the form of strips 15 of cast or other metal, which are provided with deflector blades 16, which are spaced apart suiiiciently close to-prevent the forwardly progressing air currents in the pipe from issuing directly and retaining their velocity in the .original direction. These blades may be of any suitable shape, such, for instance, as the reversely curved or crescent shape shown in Figs. 6 and 9, or they may be rearw'ardly inclined, asshown in Fig. 10. In addition to performing their deflecting functions, these strips may desirably constitute structural parts of the pipe which may be made of a sheet metal shell h'aving its edges joined along a longitudinal line by the strips. As illustrated in Figs. 4:, 5, '6, and 7, the pipe comprises the shell 17 having the downwardly turned flanges 18 between which are secured the strips 15 in any suitable'manner as by the bolts 19. If desired, a damper construction may also be employed for partly or wholly closing the outlets. As illustrated, the flanges 18 are provided with the outwardly turned small flanges 20, upon which is slidably mounted the sheet metal damper 21. In Fig 8, I have illustrated a modified construction in which the flanges on the pipe shell 18 are omitted, the strip 15 being pro-- vided with flanges 22, which may be riveted or otherwise, secured to the edges of the shell. Other constructions may obviously be employed, such as with the deflector strips wholly within thecontour of the pipes, as shown in Fig. 12, or the deflector strips may be utilized in a rectangular duct as shown in Fig. 13. The deflector strips are preferably made in suitable lengths having their ends so shaped that they may be fitted together end to'end to produce any length desired;

thus the strips shown in Figs. 9 and 10 have convex ends 23 and concave ends 24, which are adapted to fit the concave and convex ends respectively ofadjacent strips. In the throughout all or a Preferably diminish the'formation of edd have illustrated this construction in Figs. 1

messes! constructions illustrated, it will be seen that the strips and deflector blades are of considerable'depth and thickness, this dimension being nearly as great as the distance between the blades. v

In Fig. 11, I have illustrated the use of my deflectors in connection with a long pipe such as may be employed for distributing hot, dry air near the roofs of factory buildings in which steam or other vapors arise or which may be employed in drying rooms or the like.

My construction of deflector'strips makes possible of provision at very-low cost of dis-. tributing pipes of any length provided eater part of their extent with distributlng orifices. My construction also secures a very considerable degree of uniformity in the emission of air throughout all parts of the pipe. In this way a much greater degree of uniformity of distribution is secured than is possible with the use of spaced nozzles or other means and the drying air is therefore employed much more efliciently. Fig. 11 also shows how two or more of my strips may be mounted side by side, so as to increase the outlet area when this is desired; Thus it will be seen that by the use of a standard size deflector strip, any extent of opening. necessary .may

, readily be obtained.

ducts for fluid distribution to secure greatly I increased efliciency thereof. Ordinarily in air ducts and the like, especiall in the larger sizes, considerable losses in e ciency result from the passage of the air through the various bends, this being probably due to thefact that the air currents when passing around the bends do not remain uniformly distributed throughout the area of the pipe but pile up, so to speak, against the outer walls of the bends, thereby increasing the velocity of the air at those points, increasing the skin friction and producing at and 1mmediately beyond the bends, eddy currents which dlssipate the velocity of the air. I

' overcome these difliculties and secure greatly 1ncreased efiiclency by providing means for dividing up the area of the duct at the bends, so as to secure a more uniform distribution of the air at these points and to prevent or currents. I

and 3, in which 30 are elbows and 31 is a T embodying my improved construction. It will be seen that the elbows are divided by a plurality of septa or diaphragms32 into a plurality of separate passages 33 through the same power at the fan or less power may be utilized to drive an equal volume of air through a duct than if the improved con-- struction is not used.

While I have shown and described in de tail, certain preferred embodiments of my invention, these are to be understood as merely illustrative of the principle thereof and I do not desire to limit myself therefore to these specifieembodiments.

At various points in this specification and in'the claims, I have referred to air as the fluid to be conveyed or distributed, but obviously my invention is not limited to dealing wlth air only and I desire this term to be understood as includin air or any other fluid capable of being dea t with in accordance with my inventlon.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new herein and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a system of air distribution, the combination of a pipe, havin a longitudinal slot therein and a series 0 deflectors arranged transversely in said slot.

2. In a. system of air distribution, the combination with a pipe having a longitud-inal slot therein, of a series of deflectors arranged transversely in said slot, said deflectors being located outside of the circumferential area of the pipe" so as not to diminish the effective cross-section thereof.

3. In a system of air distribution, a pipe having a longitudinal series of outlet orifices therein and deflectors associated with said drying machines, the combination with a system of drying rolls, of distributing pipes extending transversely of the rolls and defleeting means at the outlets from said pipes for directing the air currents toward the web on the rolls and rearwardly toward the back of the machine.

7. In a system of air distribution a pipe having a bend at an intermediate portion of its length, a plurality of septa extending transversely across the bend and following spaced from each other so as to provide a a plurality of air passages of equal width, each conforming to the curvature of the opposite walls of the bend, whereby the air passing through the bendwill be equally distributed throughout the entire area thereof, and will traverse the remaining portion of the pipe with the same volumetric efficiency which it possessed prior to entering the bend.

9. In a system of air distribution, a pipe having straight portionsand a bend intermediate, of the straight portions and connecting the same, a plurality of septa located within said bend and spaced from each other, said septa conforming to the curvature of the opposite walls of the bend and forming a plurality of curved air passages of equal width and substantially equal lengths in said bend, whereby the air entering said bend from one straight portion of the pipe will be evenly distributed throughout the entire area of the bend in its passage therethrough, and will enter the remaining straight portion. of the plpe without loss in the volumetric efiiciency possessed by it in traversing the first straight portion of the pipe. y I 0 10. In a system of a1r dlstribution, a plpe having an orifice in the wall thereof and a plurality 'of like deflectors disposed transversely of said orifice.

EMIL A. BR-INER. 

